Analysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral, A Man And His...

Kristoffer LaMantain Sandiford ENG 1-B E-6 10 December 2015 Spouses for Humanity Humanity’s potential to develop interpersonal relationships is fundamental to their growth and can be detrimental to society if not maintained. Focusing on a relationship between two spouses; it is traditionally presumed to be mutually beneficial. It is this mutual benefit where a healthy relationship can contribute to an individual’s attainment of goals, moral construction, and perception of society. â€Å"Interpersonal relationships have traditionally been regarded as one of the major determinants of health and well-being† (Paat). But what constitutes a healthy relationship? In Raymond Carver’s â€Å"Cathedral† a man and his wife on the surface have a rocky relationship that seems to be teetering on the husband’s impartiality to his wife and the wife’s resentment towards her husband’s impartiality. However, Brewer-Davis states that, â€Å"loving someone sometimes seems to appropriately override impartiali ty†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The ties that this couple has established and the healthy communication of their moral standing is the key to their growth. Although the husband is considered sort of a ‘bad boy’ and the wife is characterized as a sweet, caring individual; it is this difference in personalities that brings them together as the husband receives emotional stimulation that he could not otherwise get by himself. Consequently, the wife receives a reality check from her husband’s partiality and rational demeanor. PaatShow MoreRelatedMinimalism by Raymond Carver Essay3013 Words   |  13 PagesCriticism Minimalism by Raymond Carver English 210 P. Fishman Research Paper Literary Criticism on Minimalism by Raymond Carver Raymond Carver was a master of the short story during the mid nineteenth century due to his unique minimalistic style. Carver has his own artistic signature when it comes to writing, he tells his stories using the leastRead MoreDo We See The Same Way That We Think?1312 Words   |  6 Pagesbegin, â€Å"Cathedral† by Raymond Carver is a true example of how literature not only shares the outer view of humans, but also what is going on in their minds. This story moves along with its powerful theme and variety of characters within it. You cannot simply look at the surface of something to truly understand the full details of it because what you see or think is on the outside, may not be what is on the inside. This is considered to be the main theme of â€Å"Cathedral†. The narrator’s wife invites

Disney s Of Race And Culture - 1612 Words

Walt Disney’s animated classics are prominent and affluential for the millennial generation and are loved by many people all over the world, preferably by the western socialized population. Because of its dominance, Disney’s subliminal impacts on children and even adults are presented as an enormous socialization factor throughout Hollywood. Disney’s portrayal of race and culture is predominant throughout its characters, settings and music, specifically in the last 2  ½ decades. The following analysis investigates Disney’s utilization of race and culture, throughout its films and correlates with its awareness in social responsibility. A paramount example would be Disney’s, A Bug’s Life, presenting many key components of race and culture and how the lives of the main characters are impacted as a whole. Culture is defined as â€Å"The ideas, customs, and social behaviour of a particular people or society† (Oxford Dictionary: 2015). The diversity portrayed in the film A Bug’s Life, embellishes the different types of social hierarchy amongst the different characters in the film. The colony of ants illustrates a functionalist perspective among social order. In order for them to keep peace with the demanding grasshoppers, they must gather an abundance of food, which will keep them and the grasshoppers nourished until the following year. The ant’s way of living is very strategic; they base most of their days on working in order to fulfill their duty to the grasshoppers. â€Å"TheShow MoreRelatedWalt Disney : An Issue With Race1543 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the course of eighty years Walt Disney has made a lot of movies. In these movies there are characters that dance, sing, and do things that normal people could not do. Their movies have been very profitab le over the years; however, these movies have faced some serious issues. Walter Elias â€Å"Walt† Disney is the of the founder of The Walt Disney Company. He started off writing short little stories that could be ran in television and movie theaters. Some of these short stories wereRead MoreQuestionable Social Messages Spread by Disney864 Words   |  3 Pagessocial beliefs and behaviours. This is explained in the New York Times opinion column, Its Racist, But Hey, Its Disney. Children are more vulnerable to the powers of the media. Disney movies are also a vehicle for spreading cultural notions, such as racism. This medium opens an avenue where children can be indoctrinated and pass questionable values on to following generations. Walt Disney shows us how his strong feelings and or values shown in his films were all meant in a good way. â€Å"Our heritageRead MoreHong Kong Disney1308 Words   |  6 Pagesthree most important success factors in the theme park business? 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However, The world of Disney teaches messages to childrenRead MoreThe Colonialism Of The Walt Disney Company1571 Words   |  7 PagesMy topic is the colonialism of The Walt Disney Company. When defining colonialism, I will be referring to two general definitions that are applicable to modern day colonialism as seen through cultural appropriation, and cultural commodification of Disney and the tourist industry. Oxford Dictionaries defines colonialism as, â€Å"the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with se ttlers, and exploiting it economically,† and Stanford EncyclopediaRead MoreDisney : A Dreaming Nonconformist1353 Words   |  6 PagesDisney: A Dreaming Nonconformist Society has a rule book, it lists how we should act and think and be. Some people decide to disregard the rule book and write their own. These people are daring, different, and sometimes even seen as impractical but often they leave a lasting impact on our lives. I know of many people who fit this description, but none more influential on our lives today than Walt Disney. Walt Disney was a producer of motion-pictures and television shows. He was a showman and isRead MoreThe Gulf War And Its Effects On Character Portrayal1028 Words   |  5 PagesThe Gulf War and Its Effects on Character Portrayal in â€Å"Aladdin† Background Knowledge In the year 1992 Aladdin was released by Disney, making it one of the fastest growing films. The movie is based off of a young thief whom seeks a better life in Agrhaba, a city that very much resembles those of Arab countries. Aladdin ironically was being produced â€Å"during the 1991 Gulf War under the Bush administration. The war lasted six months. It was conflict between Iraq and 34 countries in the U.N., including

Following Assignment Will Aim to Address and Relevant Issues

Question: Assignment Will Aim To Address And Discuss Relevant Issues? Answer: Introduction The following assignment will aim to address and discuss relevant issues pertaining to the impact of two public health interventions or programs that have been utilized to mitigate the public health concern related to the outbreak and spread of HIV/AIDS amongst the people who inject drugs (PWID) in Australia. Discussions will be carried out with respect to the definite public health programs that were applied in the health scenario of the defined region for ameliorating the spread of HIV/AIDS in the concerned population. Lessons learnt from the interventions that hold the potential to inform future public health actions and steering positive outcomes will be addressed as well. Critical analysis of the interventions with mention about the strengths and limitations will be done to provide succinct overview on the topic. A comprehensive synopsis of the measurable impact of the interventions will be provided alongside detailed description of the intervention or program. Prior to the deta iled analysis and description of the interventions, the pertinent issue, the population and population group in addition to the identified risks and determinants of health will be incorporated to offer an insight on the interventions. The public health interventions comprising of the Needle and Syringe Program and the Condom Social Marketing Program will be explained in course of the assignment. Brief Overview People who inject drugs (PWID) have been found to possess greater propensity of being infected by HIV/AIDS in contrast to their general counterparts who do not engage in such activities. However, a contradictory observation in this respect suggests that because of the stigmatization and criminalization of the actions presented by the PWID they are more likely to be deprived of the basic access to healthcare services, subsequent treatments and preventive measures related to the HIV. The presence of societal stigma and preconceived notion about them are largely responsible for making it more vulnerable for them to encounter discriminating and health inequity while suffering from AIDS like condition. The reaching out to the population is another challenging task for the healthcare workers and other associated team members that further aggravates the situation making it more difficult to intervene. Thus, pertinent information and succinct knowledge related to the multifaceted and various health factors as well as health behaviors that account for the spreading of HIV among the PWID population is desirable (Mathers et al., 2013). The most prominent factors that paved the way for resulting in the spread and outbreak of HIV among the PWID population encompass several crucial issues. The health related risk factors identified that are intimately associated with the harboring of AIDs like condition in PWID include, sharing of needles, sex work practice. Other factors that are indirectly related as potential agents for culminating in the emanation of AIDS like symptom refer to the marginalization and criminalization under the jurisdiction of law, unemployment and poor socio-economic background in conjunction with threats of imprisonment and detention. PWID encompass individuals belonging to diverse backgrounds and genders including women, transgender women, sex workers, Aboriginal andTorres Strait Islander people. The faulty healthcare practices as well as the apprehensi ons of the PWIDS are the major identified reasons that are responsible for the inability of holistically addressing the HIV/AIDS issue among the concerned population. Ignorance about the correct health procedure, dearth of knowledge on matter concerning the pathogenesis and possible routes of transmission of HIV are some of the vital reasons that have lead to the onset of the diseased symptoms. However amongst the identified factors, the issue of sharing needles is considered particularly threatening as the vulnerable groups are more likely to resort to sharing the needles due to inability and regulatory restrictions of buying syringes for some other purposes other than the medical ones (Rowe Berger, 2015). Thus, the need to invest in taking initiatives that will effectively mitigate the issue is required to offer best possible resolution for combating the ill effects and adverse outcomes due to such possibilities and confounding factors are necessary. Holistic interventions are re quired in this respect to cope up with the ensuing condition. Two of the implemented methods that accounted for combating the condition prevalent because of HIV/AIDS encompassing Needle and Syringe Program in addition to Condom Social Marketing Program amongst the PWID in Australian context will be discussed for understanding their potential benefits and efficacy in terms of tackling the thwarting situation. Identified intervention programs Needle and Syringe Program (NSP) Condom Social Marketing Program (CSMP) Critical analysis of the intervention The NSP introduction in the Australian scenario has been found to generate mostly positive outcomes whereby the PWID have been largely benefited from such interventions. The community based outreach intervention in the form of NSP has lead to producing utilities that further helped to improve the condition of the PWIDs. The risk reduction services have been particularly fruitful in terms of rendering holistic education and recommending strategies that might curb the rates of HIV incidences allaying the risky behavior in the vulnerable population. Those individuals who are more predisposed to be infected by HIV and acquire AIDS have been carefully included in the program regime so that adequate measures may be employed in tackling their condition. Prompt and adequate impetus was sent for taking forward the AIDS prevention remedies among the population at large following the introduction of NSP. The discrimination and marginalization of the PWID was reduced drastically that further str engthened the decision making and policy implementation procedure for the concerned authorities. As part of the comprehensive HIV prevention strategy, the NSP initiative was particularly important as it paved the way for further scaling up and sustenance of the HIV prevention outreach. However, the limitation of the program may be identified to be the need for constant strengthening and advocacy to account for the correct implementation of the program thereby leading to fulfillment of the desired objectives. Repeated evaluation and constant monitoring is essential to procure the necessary benefits from observing the NSP strategy (Needle et al., 2005). The era of the biomedical advancements has witnessed crucial changes in the political and social contexts as well. The importance of working with the socially vulnerable groups have been emphasized in the programs who are essentially designated as the key populations have been further stressed upon for eliciting positive outcomes. Community participation and imparting of holistic education has been greatly linked to harboring good results. The threats posed in HIV prevalence has been seen with respect to lack of condom use. Hence, it is considered as an essential step to introduce the use of condoms as part of the safe sex strategy to abate the possibility of contracting HIV and other blood borne viral disease. However amidst all the advantages of using condoms, there still remain doubts in the minds of many regarding the use of condoms as a means of rendering effective protection against HIV/AIDS (Paiva et al., 2015). Measurable impact of interventions The impact of the timely intervention of the Needle and Syringe Program in Australia has been largely studied in researches. The rates of prevalence among the PWID following such intervention has been investigated in order to determine the possible correlation among the associated factors over the certain timeframe. Data relevant to 15 years of surveillance carried out with respect to people who inject drugs suggested that HIV prevalence among the NSP attendees remained low and relatively stable thereby suggestive of the efficacy of such interventions in the greater perspective. Further for eliciting drug policy, NSP may be considered as a novel and recommendable approach of HIV surveillance among the PWID in settings where such programs are commonly reckoned as integral constituent of public health approach. Evidence based suggestions in the global scenario as well is suggestive of the fact that NSP is effective in mitigating the HIV prevalence among the PWID and timely and widespre ad introduction of the program might help in tackling with the global epidemic and health burden due to HIV/AIDS (Topp et al., 2011). A study conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the projected HIV preventive strategies among the PWID have also suggested the additional benefits obtained from using condoms in the vulnerable group. Significant reductions in the rates of HIV/AIDS highlighted the importance engaging in such behaviors where the chances of transmission of the virus gets drastically reduced because of the safe sex practice that limit the transfer of infection. The PWIDS apart from using the sterilized needles are likely to derive the optimal bebefits from using such devices as a means of protection and prevention from the sexually transmitted disease (Abdul-Quader et al., 2013). Description of intervention program The Needle and Syringe Program conducted in the Australian context aimed to provide increased support for rendering the appropriate and feasible counseling, education and referral services to the vulnerable population by virtue of community based interventions to curtail the rates of HIV prevalence and incidences. The widely accepted and acknowledged policies and programs that fall under the Australias harm minimization strategy forms the foundation of the National Drug Strategy. In this connection a wide range of integrated approaches are found to be integral in maintaining a balance and synergy between the demand reduction, supply mitigation and harm abatement. The early and vigorous HIV prevention mechanisms that were pursued in Australia targeted for the injecting drug users resulted for exhibiting the low and stable rates of prevalence of HIV among the concerned vulnerable groups. The primary agendas of such interventions addressed on enhancing the access to treatment and suppor t, improving and increasing the reach of both education and prevention initiatives along with improvement of the current HIV and hepatitis C surveillance system. Thus, the PWID are likely to be benefited by such initiatives through inclusion of them into the main program for the sake of reducing the rates of spread of infection (health.gov.au, 2017). The Condom Social Marketing Program (CSMP) has been strategized in the Australian context to mitigate the HIV/AIDS issue from spreading due to improper transmission and infective routes among the PWID. The application of the commercial marketing techniques to achieve a social goal is commonly referred to as the social marketing program. The program aimed to make condoms more affordable and accessible. Simultaneously the said program highlighted on spreading the use of condoms among the target population for increasing the acceptance of condoms among the vulnerable population. Specific condom brand is developed and marketed with a promotional campaign to sell the product to the target audience. Availability and use pertaining to the use of condoms are thereby increased by means of employing such program. The behavioral, psychological and biological outcomes related to HIV prevention are likely to be impacted by the condom application. Since its first introduction among the gay communi ties, the condom use has received much attention for safe sex advocacy. Similar and effective responses have also been received from the PWID community thereby suggestive of its efficacy in controlling the HIV prevalence (Aggleton Kippax, 2014). Lessons learned The NSP program and its efficacy is not only limited to the prevention of HIV/AIDS, but the uses may be further expanded to other blood borne viral diseases that are generally transmitted through sharing of injecting equipment. Thus, associated benefits from following this program may be obtained by means of reducing other harms related to the injected drug use. The recommendations from NSP may be extrapolated to other health conditions by means of providing advice on safer injecting practices, providing suggestion on reducing he harm provoked by drugs thereby accounting for procedure for avoidance and management of drug overdose. Moreover, knowledge and adequate training is provided with respect to the safe handling and disposal of the injecting equipment. Encouragement is given to resorting to safer drug taking practices thereby curbing the possibility of addiction in addition to fostering of other health and welfare services such as that of using condoms as part of safe sex practi ce (Wilson et al., 2014). The CSMP has been found to be quite effective in terms of rendering complete protection against HIV/AIDS. It further accounted for making the future HIV interventions that are essentially comprehensive and integrative. The intervention groups comprising of the men and women are likely to be benefited b such interventions. Focus is laid not only to regulate the individual behavior but also the societal norms that often pose hindrances o effective implementation of the intervention programs (MacArthur et al., 2014). Conclusion The growing volumes of evidences with respect to the interventions undertaken for handling the public health concerns associated with the transmission and prevalence of HIV/AIDS among the people who inject drugs in Australia revealed the efficacy of prudent and pragmatic approaches to safeguard the health of the concerned population. Adequate attention being conferred on the harm reduction because of the presence of HIV/AIDS has been found to harbor optimum outcomes. Significant and situation appropriate measures adopted by the relevant organization with sufficient support and cooperation from the government has lead to the generation of adequate awareness and responsiveness among the vulnerable individuals thereby paving the way for a better tomorrow. The chances of being infected by the HIV pathogens have been drastically reduced as consequence of the relevant interventions (Madden Wodak, 2014). Further empirical findings have brought to the forefront, the positive outcomes of the interventions that demonstrated an extremely low and sustained rate of HIV incidence over the past two decades with the timeframe of 1995-2012, among the PWID. The reason for such holistic outcomes may be attributed to measures following the early establishment and up-gradation of the needle and syringe program with subsequent contribution from other interventions such as that of Condom Social Marketing Program (Iversen et al., 2014). Hence, it may be well commented that abidance with these potential intervention programs are highly successful and effective strategies to deal with the public health issue as observed in case of HIV/AIDS among the concerned population. References Abdul-Quader, A. S., Feelemyer, J., Modi, S., Stein, E. S., Briceno, A., Semaan, S., ... Des Jarlais, D. C. (2013). Effectiveness of structural-level needle/syringe programs to reduce HCV and HIV infection among people who inject drugs: a systematic review.AIDS and Behavior,17(9), 2878-2892. Aggleton, P., Kippax, S. (2014). Australia's HIV-Prevention Response: Introduction to the Special Issue.AIDS Education and Prevention,26(3), 187-190. Health.gov.au. (2017). Retrieved 22 May 2017, from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/83AAED699516CE2DCA257BF0001E7255/$File/evid.pdf Iversen, J., Wand, H., Topp, L., Kaldor, J. and Maher, L., 2014. Extremely low and sustained HIV incidence among people who inject drugs in a setting of harm reduction.AIDS,28(2), pp.275-278. MacArthur, G. J., van Velzen, E., Palmateer, N., Kimber, J., Pharris, A., Hope, V., ... Rhodes, T. (2014). Interventions to prevent HIV and hepatitis C in people who inject drugs: a review of reviews to assess evidence of effectiveness.International Journal of Drug Policy,25(1), 34-52. Madden, A., Wodak, A. (2014). Australia's response to HIV among people who inject drugs.AIDS Education and Prevention,26(3), 234-244. Mathers, B. M., Degenhardt, L., Bucello, C., Lemon, J., Wiessing, L., Hickman, M. (2013). Mortality among people who inject drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Bulletin of the World Health Organization,91(2), 102-123. Needle, R. H., Burrows, D., Friedman, S. R., Dorabjee, J., Touz, G., Badrieva, L., ... Latkin, C. (2005). Effectiveness of community-based outreach in preventing HIV/AIDS among injecting drug users.International Journal of Drug Policy,16, 45-57. Paiva, V., Ferguson, L., Aggleton, P., Mane, P., Kelly-Hanku, A., Giang, L. M., ... Parker, R. (2015). The current state of play of research on the social, political and legal dimensions of HIV.Cadernos de saude publica,31(3), 477-486. Rowe, R., Berger, I. (2015). Patterns of performance and image enhancing drug use among men accessing needle and syringe programs in Sydney, Australia.Drug Alcohol Dependence,156, e194.' Topp, L., Day, C. A., Iversen, J., Wand, H., Maher, L., Collaboration of Australian NSPs. (2011). Fifteen years of HIV surveillance among people who inject drugs: the Australian Needle and Syringe Program Survey 19952009.Aids,25(6), 835-842. Wilson, H., Brener, L., Mao, L., Treloar, C. (2014). Perceived discrimination and injecting risk among people who inject drugs attending Needle and Syringe Programmes in Sydney, Australia.Drug and alcohol dependence,144, 274-278.

Kingdom Of Benin Essays - Africa, Edo People, States Of Nigeria

Kingdom of Benin annon Benin was an influential city-state in northwest Africa generally from the 15th to 17th century. It was founded by the Edo or Bini people in the 13th century, and by the early 14th century a royal court was in place. It was always ruled by a powerful king who was usually a former war leader. The kings, however, later became a more religious figure. The kingdom has been though to extend throughout what is presently southern Nigeria. One of its most successful kings was Ozoula. During his reign, from about 1480 to 1504, Benin established many commercial and diplomatic relations with Portugal. The kingdom participated in a lot of trade with Europe. Some of the goods they traded included palm oil, ivory, pepper, and textiles. Another industry Benin took place in was the slave trade. Mostly POW's and women were traded, but in the early years, men of the tribe were also given away. Gradually, the power of the kingdom decreased as the 18th and 19th centuries passed. Eventually, in 1897, the area was annexed to British Nigeria. While tribesmen still led the area, the real control was in the hands of the Europeans. One of the richest arts that originated in Africa are some of the hand cast bronzes that came out of the kingdom of Benin. These became known as the Benin Bronzes. The casting of brass was strictly a royal art and anyone found casting brass without royal permission was faced with execution. Whenever a king or a major figure died, a beautiful commemorative head was cast out of bronze in his honor. These heads were displayed at shrines found all throughout the royal palace. Also found in the royal palace were eight wall- sized bronze plaques. Each plaque depicted kings, chiefs, and great warriors in battle. They each depict a different event in Benin's history. Many things including utensils and weapons have also been found, each hand cast with brass. As you can see, the Beninian people were very gifted in this fine art and it is one of the richest parts of their culture.